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Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 15, No. 1-2, 193-200 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/074823379901500117

Dieldrin reduces male production and sex ratio in Daphnia galeata mendotae

Christine M. Merritt

Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Laura Torrentera

Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Katherine M. Winter

Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Christopher K. Tornehl

Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Kristin Girvin

BT Squared, Madison, Wisconsin

Stanley I. Dodson

Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, sidodson{at}facstaff.wisc.edu

We used the sex ratio of neonate Daphnia, as well as the more standard endpoints of adult survivorship and fecundity and neonatal morphology, as an assay for detecting the effects of the insecticides endosulfan and dieldrin. Dieldrin caused a decrease in sex ratio (number of males/number of males plus females); we observed no endosulfan effect. We estimated (by extrapolation) that the sex ratio was reduced by dieldrin from concentrations of about 30 ppb and higher, based on a linear decrease in sex ratio with log dieldrin concentrations from 50 to 600 ppb. Neither insecticide significantly affected adult survival or clutch size. Because sex ratio changed but total neonate production did not change, the data suggest that the effect of dieldrin was on the sex-determining system during embryogenesis. Neither insecticide caused morphological abnormalities. Mixtures of the two pesticides produced only additive effects.

Key Words: Daphnia • dieldrin • endocrine disruption • endosulfan • male production • mixture • sex ratio


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