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Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 16, No. 6, 203-210 (2000)
DOI: 10.1177/074823370001600601

Effects of metal working fluids on B6C3F1 mouse skin

Nabil H. Al-Humadi

Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505

Lori Battelli

Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505

Patsy A. Willard

Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505

Diane Schwegler-Berry

Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505

Vincent Castranova

Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505

Choudari Kommineni

PPRB, HELD, NIOSH 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, cdk2{at}cdc.gov

Over 10 million workers in the United States are exposed to metal working fluids (MWFs) through dermal contact and/or inhalation of aerosolized fluids. The objective of this study was to elucidate the response of skin to dermal exposure to MWFs. Four-to six-week-old B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were divided into eight groups (n=5/group) and exposed to 200 µ1 of 0%, 5% (pH 7 and 9.7) and 100% (pH 10.4), unused MWFs/H2O by topical application to the unshaven back (cervical to sacral region), twice a week for 6 weeks. Skin-mast cell number in females of most treated groups and of two male groups (100% and 5%, pH 7) were significantly higher than the control groups. Eventhough both males and females (treated with 100% MWF/H2O) showed an increase in the skin-histamine levels (38% and 41%, respectively), this increase was significant in females only (ANOVA, P≤0.05). Dermal exposure to 100% MWFs increased liver weight significantly in both sexes. Ulcers and associated inflammation were seen in the skin of mice treated with 100% unused MWFs and sacrificed at 6 weeks, but not in the recovery groups. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous gland epithelium is present in all mice treated for 6 weeks and sacrificed immediately. However, only the mice treated with 100% MWF retained the hypertrophy of this epithelium after a 6-week recovery period. In conclusion, dermal exposure to unused semi-synthetic MWF penetrates the normal skin, induces mast cell accumulation in the skin, produces hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands, and may affect females more than males.

Key Words: histamine • kidney • liver • mast cells • metal working fluid • mice • skin • ulcer


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