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Biological monitoring of carbon disulphide: kinetics of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in exposed workers

Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 138 Sheng-Li Rd. 70428, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China

Tzu-Chieh Chou

Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 138 Sheng-Li Rd. 70428, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China

Peng-Yau Wang

Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chun-Li, Taiwan, Republic of China

Tung-Sheng Shih

Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, No. 99 Lane 407, Heng-Ke Rd, Shijr City, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, stone{at}mail.iosh.gov.tw

The objectives of this study was to establish the kinetics of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (UTTCA) for workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS₂) and to investigate the effects of volume and creatinine adjustment methods for urine measurement. Ten workers in the spinning department of a rayon factory were individually monitored for airborne CS₂ concentrations, with consecutive urine samples collected for 24-38 hours after termination of exposure. The U-TTCA, urine volume and creatinine level were measured for each sample. First-order and biphasic kinetics were determined using the curve-fit method, for the measurement series. For the first-order kinetics linearity fit, statistically significant correlation coefficients of 0.74-0.98 and 0.86-0.99 were derived for the volume- and creatinine-adjusted methods, respectively. For the biphasic kinetics approach, the overall correlation coefficients were 0.544-0.999 and 0.171-0.999 for the first and second phases of the creatinine-adjusted method, respectively. A post-shift U-TTCA of 3.0 mg/g Cr. equivalent, 40% below the current BEI setting at nearly PEL exposed level, was found. In conclusion, first-order kinetic response was confirmed for U-TTCA. Both volume- and creatinine-based urine adjustment are satisfactory for TTCA assessment as a biomarker of individual CS₂ exposure although the correlation for creatinine-based measurement was modestly superior to the volume-based analogue. Based on the results of this study, we recommend a re-evaluation of the current biological exposure index of 5 mg/g creatinine at a CS₂ exposure level of 10 ppm.

Key Words: biological monitoring • carbon disulphide • kinetics • urinary TTCA

Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1-14 (2002)
DOI: 10.1191/0748233702th125oa


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