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Determination of hemoglobin adducts formed in rats exposed orally with 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine by GC/MS-SIM

Department of Environmental Education, Abuse Drug Research Center, Kongju National University, 314-701, South Korea, ejhl{at}kongju.ac.kr

Ho-Sang Shin

Department of Environmental Education, Abuse Drug Research Center, Kongju National University, 314-701, South Korea

3,3?-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) can be metabolically N-acetylated and/or N-oxidized, and can form hemoglobin adducts. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring detection mode (GC/MS-SIM) could be a good analytical method to detect them. 4-Aminobiphenyl and phenanthrene-d₁₀ were used as internal standards, and standard metabolites of DCB were synthesized from DCB. Pyridine is a promoter and acetic acid is a controller in the acetylation of DCB during titrating with acetyl chloride. After washing with acetone, the purity of N-acetyl DCB and N, N?-diacetyl DCB were 98.72% and 98.82%, respectively.

The maximum detection limits (MDLs) by GC/MS-SIM were 0.5 mg/L in DNA adduct and 1.0 ng/g in hemoglobin for DCB and N-acetyl DCB. The base peaks of their fragmentation pattern were 252 m/z at the peak of DCB, 252 m/z and 294 m/z at the peak of N-acetyl DCB, and 252 m/z, 294 m/z, and 336 m/z at the peak of N, N?-diacetyl DCB. This analytical method was applied to determine hemoglobin adducts formed in young female Sprague -Dawley rats orally exposed with 20, 30, and 40 mg DCB/kg/day for three weeks. Two adducts were detectable by GC/MS-SIM after alkaline hydrolysis of hemoglobin samples and extraction. The structure of these adducts could be assigned to DCB and N-acetyl DCB by co-chromatography with the synthetic standards.

After the first week of treatment, the total amount of hemoglobin adducts determined was 837.52501 ng/g hemoglobin. The adduct levels were increased up to 1203.32605.4 ng/g after the second week, and slightly decreased after the third week. The ratio of DCB and N-acetyl DCB was nearly similar in all treatment groups at the third week, such as 4.284.78. Three different treatments (20, 30, and 40 mg DCB/kg) of rats resulted in dose-proportional increases in the total and DCB amount of hemoglobin adducted formed for three weeks. The relative contribution of DCB and N-acetyl DCB to the total hemoglobin adduct level was strongly dose dependent. The results show that GC/MS-SIM is suitable for the biological monitoring of humans exposed to DCB or DCB-containing products

Key Words: biological monitoring • GC/MS-SIM • N-acetyl DCB • hemoglobin adducts • 3,3?-dichlorobenzidine (DCB)

Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 18, No. 4, 191-199 (2002)
DOI: 10.1191/0748233702th142oa


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