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Dry deposition (downward, upward) concentration study of particulates and water-soluble ionic species during daytime, night-time period at the traffic sampling site of Sha-Lu, Taiwan

Air Toxic and Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan

Guor-Cheng Fang

Air Toxic and Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan, gcfang{at}sunrise.hk.edu.tw

Jui-Yeh Rau

Air Toxic and Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan

Shih-Han Huang

Air Toxic and Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan

Ambient suspended particulate (dry deposition, TSP) was collected in the traffic sites Sha-Lu, central Taiwan. In addition, the related water-soluble ionic species (Cl^1/4, NO₃^1/4, SO₄^21/4, Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺and Ca²⁺) were analysed and wind speed, wind direction and temperature were also measured in this study. The downward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 54.07 mg/m²-sec) were about twice that of upward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.48 mg/m²-sec) in the daytime period. Furthermore, the average downward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.22 mg/m²-sec) were also about twice that of upward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 12.11 mg/m²-sec) in the night-time period. The results showed that the total suspended particulate concentrations of particulate mass in the daytime period (averaged 996.2 mg/m³) were higher than in the night-time period (averaged 560.7 mg/m³). The results showed that the total suspended particulate concentrations of particulate mass in the daytime period (averaged 996.2 mg/m³) were higher than in night-time period (averaged 560.7 mg/m³). As for water-soluble ionic species, the average dry deposition order and velocity for downward ionic species were Cl^1/4 Í-Ca²⁺Í-NO₃^1/4 Í-K⁺(2.09 cm/sec Í-1.46 cm/sec Í-1.46 cm/sec Í-1.07 cm/sec) anions during the daytime period. And the average dry deposition order and velocity for downward ionic species were NO₃^1/4 Í ^/ Cl^1/4 Í ^/ K⁺Í ^/ Ca²⁺(2.92 cm/sec Í ^/ 2.74 cm/sec Í ^/ 0.96 cm/sec Í ^/ 0.93 cm/sec) anions during the night-time period. The average dry deposition order and velocity for upward ionic species were Cl^1/4 Í ^/ Ca²⁺Í ^/ K⁺Í ^/ Mg²⁺(4.69 cm/sec Í ^/ 0.62 cm/sec Í ^/ 0.59 cm/sec Í ^/ 0.55 cm/sec) anions during the daytime period. And the average dry deposition order and velocity for upward ionic species were Cl^1/4 Í-Ca²⁺Í-Mg²⁺Í-K⁺(1.65 cm/sec Í-0.43 cm/sec Í ^/ 0.37 cm/sec Í ^/ 0.33 cm/sec) anions during the night-time period. The results also indicated that the sodium and chloride concentrations in total suspended particulate were highly positively related, indicating that the sea-salt aerosols were the major contributors for these species at this sampling site of central Taiwan.

Key Words: dry deposition • suspended particulate • water-soluble ionic

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