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Diffusion flame-derived fine particulate matters doped with iron caused genotoxicity in B6C3F1 mice

Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Equal contribution to this work

Kyu Tae Han

School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, Equal contribution to this work

Kook-Jong Eu

Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Jun-Sung Kim

Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Kyu Hyuk Chung

School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea

Bio Park

Laboratory of Combustion and Air-Pollution Control, College of Environmental Engineering, Chunbuk National University, Chunju, Korea

Go Su Yang

Laboratory of Combustion and Air-Pollution Control, College of Environmental Engineering, Chunbuk National University, Chunju, Korea

Kee-Ho Lee

Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea

Myung-Haing Cho

Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Nano Systems Institute at National Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, mchotox{at}snu.ac.kr

Potential genotoxic effects of diffusion flame-derived particulate matters (PMs), known to cause various adverse health problems, doped with iron, one of the representative heavy metals frequently found in the atmosphere, were examined. B6C3F1 mice were exposed to PMs [chamber 1 (low), 100; chamber 2 (middle), 200; and chamber 3 (high), 400 mg/m³] for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for one, two and four weeks in 1.5 m³ whole-body inhalation chambers. Our diffusion flame system produced 94.8 and 5.2% fine PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, respectively, with 89% of PM_2.5 sized between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. Two cytogenetic endpoints were investigated through chromosomal aberration and supravital micronucleus (SMN) assays. Frequencies of cells with chromosome aberration (%) were observed in time- and concentration-dependent manners except in one-week exposure group, as also observed in SMN study. Generally, noniron flame induced less chromosome aberration than iron-doped flame, an indication that iron particles could potentiate urban PM toxicity. The above results indicate our diffusion flame system generated genotoxic fine PMs, whose effects were potentiated by organometallic particles such as iron. Our system can provide reliable PM models for studying the toxicity of urban fine PMs applicable for risk assessment.

Key Words: chromosomal aberration (CA) • diffusion flame system • iron • particulate matters (PMs) • supravital micronucleus (SMN)

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