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A study on the investigation of cadmium chloride genotoxicity in rat bone marrow using micronucleus test and chromosome aberration analysis

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey, a.celik{at}mersin.edu.tr

Ülkü Çömelekolu

Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

Serap Yalin

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

In this study, we investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂)in Wistar rat tibia bone marrow cells, using the structural chromosomal aberration (SCA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. CdCl₂ was administered to adult female rats as repeated i.p. doses of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. for 18 week (four months) at 48 h intervals. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control (2 mg/kg b.w.). This study shows that cadmium chloride treatment significantly induced the frequency of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes in tibia bone marrow. This increase in micronucleus frequency shows that cadmium has a genotoxic effect on bone marrow at this level. Also, in order to determine cytotoxicity in bone marrow, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes was calculated in bone marrow. The results of this study indicate that CdCl₂ decreased this ratio. The decrease of this ratio in bone marrow shows CdCl₂ may lead to cytotoxicity. We have reported that 0.5 mg/kg-level chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) has an injurious effect on bone marrow. Our findings indicate that CdCl₂ has a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on rat bone marrow at chronic exposure.

Key Words: cadmium chloride • micronucleus polychromatic erythrocytes • structural chromosomal aberrations • Wistar rat

Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 21, No. 9, 243-248 (2005)
DOI: 10.1191/0748233705th237oa


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