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Acute toxicity assessment of textile dyes and textile and dye industrial effluents using Daphnia magna bioassay

National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India yvnioh{at}yahoo.co.in

Aquatic toxicity of textile dyes and textile and dye industrial effluents were evaluated in an acute toxicity study using Daphnia magna as an aquatic experimental animal model. The 48-h EC₅₀ value for the azo dyes, Remazol Parrot Green was 55.32 mg/L and for Remazol Golden Yellow was 46.84 mg/L. Whereas 48-h EC₅₀ values for three dye industrial effluents (D1, D2, and D3) were 14.12%, 15.52%, and 29.69%, respectively. Similarly, EC₅₀ value for three textile mill effluents (T1, T2, and T3) were >100%, 62.97%, and 63.04%, respectively. These results also showed linear relationship with high degree of confidence (r² = >0.84 to >0.99) between immobility and test concentrations. The ratio of 24 to 48-h EC₅₀ remains to be in between 1.1 and 1.2. The general criteria of toxicity classification showed that both dyes were minor acutely toxic having 48-h EC₅₀ in between 10 and 100 mg/L. Of the six textile and dye industrial effluents tested, one was not acutely toxic (48-h EC₅₀ > 100%) and five were minor acutely toxic (48-h EC₅₀ > 14.12–29.69%). The toxicity classification of effluent based on toxic unit (TU) showed that of the six effluents tested five were found toxic (TU = >1) and one was non-toxic (TU = <1). Thus, dye effluents showed highest toxicity and textile effluents lowest toxicity. The study also suggested that the assay with D. magna was an excellent method for evaluation of aquatic toxicity of dyes and dyes containing industrial effluents.

Key Words: dyes • dye industrial effluent • Daphnia bioassay • EC50 • textile mill effluent

Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 24, No. 7, 491-500 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0748233708095769


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